(How a note is sounded or created) 

(The speed of the music)

(The volume of the music)

(How we know what version of a note, or pitch, to play)

(How note length is figured out)

(The "road-map", or "GPS", of the music)

(The building blocks, or pitch patterns, of music)

(Flute, Trombone, Baritone, Percussion: Bb Scale)
(Clarinet, Trumpet, Tenor Sax: C Scale)
(Alto Sax, Bari Sax: G Scale)
(Horn: F Scale)

(Flute, Trombone, Baritone, Percussion: E♭ Scale)
(Clarinet, Trumpet, Tenor Sax: F Scale)
(Alto Sax, Bari Sax: C Scale)
(Horn: B♭ Scale)

(Flute, Trombone, Baritone, Percussion: A♭ Scale)
(Clarinet, Trumpet, Tenor Sax: B♭ Scale)
(Alto Sax, Bari Sax: F Scale)
(Horn: E♭ Scale)

(Flute, Trombone, Baritone, Percussion: D♭ Scale)
(Clarinet, Trumpet, Tenor Sax: E♭ Scale)
(Alto Sax, Bari Sax: B♭ Scale)
(Horn: A♭ Scale)

(From one note/pitch to another with all the ones in between)

Mallets

(Chromatic)